The survey consisted of questions assessing sociodemographic (age, gender, family status, and region) and work-related items (net income per month, medical working area, and responsibilities), items from the short questionnaire of general and facet-specific job satisfaction (KAFA, Kurzfragebogen zur Erfassung von Allgemeiner und Facettenspezifischer Arbeitszufriedenheit) by Haarhaus (7 (link)), and items from the German version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) (44 (link), 45 ).
The KAFA was used to evaluate the job satisfaction of study participants. It is based on the Job Descriptive Index (46 ) and validated for a German sample with satisfactory psychometric properties (7 (link)). It included both general and facet-specific job satisfaction in six items with a total of 30 questions related to the work itself, coworkers, promotions, pay, and supervision. In the actual version of the KAFA, each question had to be rated with a 5-point Likert scale. To shorten the questionnaire, items of the KAFA were reduced without changing the original items. Only one answer per item could be selected.
The DASS-21 was used to monitor depression, anxiety, and stress of study participants. It is a 21-item questionnaire with three 7-item subscales. Each item is scored on a 4-point scale [ranging from never (0) to always (3 (link))]. Subscale scores were calculated as the sum of the responses to the seven items from each subscale multiplied by 2 to get scores equivalent to the 42-item full DASS. The cutoff scores for DASS-21 were taken from Lovibond and Lovibond (44 (link)): depression (normal 0–9, mild 10–13, moderate 14–20, severe 21–27, extremely severe 28+), anxiety (normal 0–7, mild 8–9, moderate 10–14, severe 15–19, extremely severe 20+), and stress (normal 0–14, mild 15–18, moderate 19–25, severe 26–33, extremely severe 34). For the cutoff values of 10 for depression, 8 for anxiety, or 15 for stress, an increased expression of these characteristics can be assumed.
The KAFA was used to evaluate the job satisfaction of study participants. It is based on the Job Descriptive Index (46 ) and validated for a German sample with satisfactory psychometric properties (7 (link)). It included both general and facet-specific job satisfaction in six items with a total of 30 questions related to the work itself, coworkers, promotions, pay, and supervision. In the actual version of the KAFA, each question had to be rated with a 5-point Likert scale. To shorten the questionnaire, items of the KAFA were reduced without changing the original items. Only one answer per item could be selected.
The DASS-21 was used to monitor depression, anxiety, and stress of study participants. It is a 21-item questionnaire with three 7-item subscales. Each item is scored on a 4-point scale [ranging from never (0) to always (3 (link))]. Subscale scores were calculated as the sum of the responses to the seven items from each subscale multiplied by 2 to get scores equivalent to the 42-item full DASS. The cutoff scores for DASS-21 were taken from Lovibond and Lovibond (44 (link)): depression (normal 0–9, mild 10–13, moderate 14–20, severe 21–27, extremely severe 28+), anxiety (normal 0–7, mild 8–9, moderate 10–14, severe 15–19, extremely severe 20+), and stress (normal 0–14, mild 15–18, moderate 19–25, severe 26–33, extremely severe 34). For the cutoff values of 10 for depression, 8 for anxiety, or 15 for stress, an increased expression of these characteristics can be assumed.
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