Blood samples were collected from CMEC participants after overnight fasting and were transported by commercial courier to Third-Party Medical Laboratories where they were processed by standard biochemical techniques. Fasting serum glucose levels were determined by the Hexokinase method (Beckman). Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were evaluated by using the enzyme colorimetry (Beckman). Triglyceride (TG) levels were measured by using glycerol phosphate oxidase - peroxidase method reagent (Beckman).
We ascertained dyslipidemia according to the guideline for the management of dyslipidemia of adults in China [22 ], as defined as TC ≥ 6.2 mmol/L, or TG ≥ 2.3 mmol/L, or LDL-C ≥ 4.1 mmol/L. Decreased HDL-C was defined as HDL-C < 1.0 mmol/L. Presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was based on self-reported physician diagnosis, or a fasting glucose value ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, according to American Diabetes Association criteria [23 ].
Smoking was defined as at least smoking 100 cigarettes till the investigation. We divided smoking into three categories: never, current regular, ex-regular. At the same time, we divided alcohol consumption into five categories: non-drinker, occasional, seasonal, monthly, weekly. We used the metabolic equivalent tasks (MET) index to describe physical activity. Vegetables, red and processed meat, oil (vegetable) and salt were defined as average intake per person per week.
We ascertained dyslipidemia according to the guideline for the management of dyslipidemia of adults in China [22 ], as defined as TC ≥ 6.2 mmol/L, or TG ≥ 2.3 mmol/L, or LDL-C ≥ 4.1 mmol/L. Decreased HDL-C was defined as HDL-C < 1.0 mmol/L. Presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was based on self-reported physician diagnosis, or a fasting glucose value ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, according to American Diabetes Association criteria [23 ].
Smoking was defined as at least smoking 100 cigarettes till the investigation. We divided smoking into three categories: never, current regular, ex-regular. At the same time, we divided alcohol consumption into five categories: non-drinker, occasional, seasonal, monthly, weekly. We used the metabolic equivalent tasks (MET) index to describe physical activity. Vegetables, red and processed meat, oil (vegetable) and salt were defined as average intake per person per week.
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