The RGD peptide-modified nanogel called RGD−polyethylene glycol−poly (L-phenylalanine-co-L-cystine) (RGD−PEG−P (LP-co-LC; RGD-NP) and untargeted nanogel called methoxy polyethylene glycol−poly (L-phenylalanine-co-L-cystine) (mPEG−P (LP-co-LC; NP) were prepared by previous method (Li et al., 2018 (link); Ding et al., 2022 (link)), which were provided from the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. VCR. 20.0 mg of mPEG−P (LP-co-LC) or RGD−PEG−P (LP-co-LC) was first dispersed in 5.0 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide, and then 5.0 mg of vincristine (VCR) was dissolved in the above solution and further stirred for 2 h. Subsequently, 5.0 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was dropwise added into the above mixture. Finally, the NP/VCR and RGD-NP/VCR were obtained after dialyzed and lyophilization. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements was performed on a JEOL JEM-1011 TEM (Tokyo, Japan). Dynamic laser scattering (DLS) measurements of nanoparticles was performed with a vertically polarized He−Ne laser (DAWN EOS; Wyatt Technology, Santa Barbara, CA, United States).
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