Adipogenic Differentiation Pathway Analysis

WHS was prepared and standardized as described previously [25 (link)]. IBMX, DEX, insulin, oil red O, propidium iodide (PI), sodium orthovanadate, sodium fluoride (NaF), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), and protease inhibitor cocktail (PIC) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich Inc. (St Louis, MO, USA). Total RNA extraction kit (easy-BLUE™) and protein lysis buffer (PRO-PREP™) were purchased from iNtRON Biotechnology (Seongnam, Korea). Antibodies of ACC, p-AMPKα, AMPKα, p-Akt, p-Akt2, p-mTOR, mTOR, C/EBPα, p27, and SIRT-1 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA). Akt, cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin B1, CDK2, FAS, FABP4, p21, PPARα, PPARγ, UCP-1, and β-actin antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA). SREBP-1 antibody was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA).