Unless otherwise indicated, all chemicals and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Restriction enzymes, KOD DNA polymerase, Q5 2X Master Mix, Phusion 2X Master Mix, and T4 polynucleotide kinase were purchased from New England Biolabs. The In-fusion HD Cloning Plus kit was purchased from Takara Bio USA. Oligonucleotide primers were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT). Culture media were purchased from Becton Dickinson. Streptococcus pneumoniae ΔmurMN Lipid II was isolated from cells as described previously (53 (link), 54 (link)). Lipid II was labeled with ATTO488 as previously described (11 (link)). S. aureus SgtBY181D was expressed and purified as previously reported (55 (link)). Genomic DNA was isolated using a Wizard Genomic DNA Purification kit (Promega).