Cell-based cytotoxicity was quantified by the xCELLigence real-time cell analysis (RTCA) system (Roche Applied Science, Switzerland), which detects cellular impedance as an index of attachment and proliferation [24 (link)]. Cell growth was recorded as the cell index (CI), which corresponds to the electrical impedance of a well. The normalized CI relative to a specified reference time point was determined by the RTCA software.
Changes in BRL 3A cell proliferation were analyzed by seeding 1 × 104 cells/well in the E-plate and then culturing them for 14 h at 37℃ under 5% CO2 to allow the cells to adhere and reach the proliferative phase. Cells were treated with Cd (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 µM), GA (5 µM) or pretreated with GA (5 µM) for 30 min followed by Cd (10 µM) for the experiment.
Changes in BRL 3A cell proliferation were analyzed by seeding 1 × 104 cells/well in the E-plate and then culturing them for 14 h at 37℃ under 5% CO2 to allow the cells to adhere and reach the proliferative phase. Cells were treated with Cd (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 µM), GA (5 µM) or pretreated with GA (5 µM) for 30 min followed by Cd (10 µM) for the experiment.
