The ophthalmologic status of each subject was evaluated through fundus photography (FF 540 Plus; Carl Zeiss Meditech, Jena, Germany) and by optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditech, Dublin, CA, USA). The method of evaluating the ophthalomologic status of study subjects has been described in detail in previous studies4 (link),15 (link).
Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) criteria were used to diagnose DME, and one or more of the following were diagnosed as clinically significant macular edema; (1) Thickening of the retina ≤ 500 µm from the center of the macula, or (2) Hard exudates and adjacent retinal thickening ≤ 500 µm from the macular center, or (3) Zone of retinal thickening at least 1 disc area in size located ≤ 1 disc diameter from the center of the macula8 (link),9 (link). Two or more ophthalmologists diagnosed DME based on the results of examinations. If there was discordance between the ophthalmologists, they re-evaluated the results and agreed on the final phenotyping. In this study, even if one eye of subjects satisfies DME, we diagnosed it as a DME case. And when determining the phenotype of DME, there was no consideration of other ophthalmic diseases other than DR.
Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) criteria were used to diagnose DME, and one or more of the following were diagnosed as clinically significant macular edema; (1) Thickening of the retina ≤ 500 µm from the center of the macula, or (2) Hard exudates and adjacent retinal thickening ≤ 500 µm from the macular center, or (3) Zone of retinal thickening at least 1 disc area in size located ≤ 1 disc diameter from the center of the macula8 (link),9 (link). Two or more ophthalmologists diagnosed DME based on the results of examinations. If there was discordance between the ophthalmologists, they re-evaluated the results and agreed on the final phenotyping. In this study, even if one eye of subjects satisfies DME, we diagnosed it as a DME case. And when determining the phenotype of DME, there was no consideration of other ophthalmic diseases other than DR.
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