A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with one between-subject factor (type of intervention) and one within-subject factor (time) was used to compute the minimum sample size needed for this study. The sample size was based on the following assumptions: (1) the significance level was set to 0.05, and (2) the required power was 80%. Initial calculation required 42–45 participants per group for a total of 131 subjects. However, we suspended subject recruitment when our preliminary analysis showed achievement of significance and power for ATP metabolism after the recruitment of 49 subjects (control = 24, placebo = 15 and oral sucrose = 10).
To analyze the data, assumptions of normality and equal variance were assessed. Demographic data for categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square test. Repeated measures ANOVA for one between-subject factor (group) and one within-subject factor (time) were assessed to evaluate the effect of the heel lance on plasma purines and allantoin concentrations over time. Interaction terms in the general linear model were used for this purpose. The interaction terms assess the differences between the groups over time. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 22. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.
To analyze the data, assumptions of normality and equal variance were assessed. Demographic data for categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square test. Repeated measures ANOVA for one between-subject factor (group) and one within-subject factor (time) were assessed to evaluate the effect of the heel lance on plasma purines and allantoin concentrations over time. Interaction terms in the general linear model were used for this purpose. The interaction terms assess the differences between the groups over time. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 22. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.
