Twenty female C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Charles River Laboratories and Jackson Laboratories. All mice were maintained in pathogen-free conditions and used for experiments at ages eight weeks or older. The Animal Care and Use Committees of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, The Wistar Institute, and the University of Pennsylvania approved all protocols in compliance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The metastatic murine non-small-cell carcinoma (NSCLC) cell line and the murine Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cell line were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA) and cultured in high-glucose DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium, Mediatech, Washington, DC) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Georgia Biotechnology, Atlanta, GA), 1% penicillin/streptomycin, and 1% glutamine. Cell lines were regularly tested and maintained negative for Mycoplasma spp.Twenty mice were injected with 2 × 106 LLC cells in their right flanks. After two weeks of growth, each mouse was injected with ICG via tail vein, as previously described and then imaged with the SPIIF (12 (link)).