Acetocarmine dye was used to investigate pollen viability. Ripe pollen grains from newly opened anthers were transferred onto a clean slide, and a few drops of aceto-carmine were added to the slide. After 20 minutes, stained pollen grains were considered fertile (viable), and the unstained pollen grains sterile (non-living). A total of 4000 pollen grains were counted, and the percentage of viability was calculated.
All observations and photography were carried out using an Olympus CX21 light microscope and the KAMERAM software program (Argenit, Türkiye).