Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammation

Sodium butyrate, propionate, trichostatin A (TSA, a selective and reversible hydroxamate inhibitor of class I and II HDACs) (Hebbel et al., 2010 (link)), sodium β-hydroxybutyrate (SHB, antagonist for GPR41 receptor) (Kimura et al., 2011 (link)), and LPS (Escherichia coli 0111:B4) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, United States. Sodium acetate was bought from Merck Millipore. A cytotoxicity detection kit (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) was obtained from Roche. Human IL-6, IL-8 ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kits, and calcein-AM were purchased from Invitrogen. Human recombinant TNFα, anti-human CD106 (VCAM-1) PE, and viability fixable dyes were bought from eBioscience. GLPG0974 (GLPG, antagonist of GPR43 receptor) (Namour et al., 2016 (link)) was obtained from Tocris Bioscience. Primary anti-GPR41 antibody, anti-GPR43 antibody, and an HDAC activity assay kit were purchased from Abcam. EGM-2 Bulletkit was purchased from Lonza (Switzerland).

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Li M., van Esch B.C., Henricks P.A., Folkerts G, & Garssen J. (2018). The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Lipopolysaccharide- or Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Stimulated Endothelial Cells via Activation of GPR41/43 and Inhibition of HDACs. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 533.

Publication 2018

Sodium butyrate propionate trichostatin A LPS (Escherichia coli 0111:B4) Sodium acetate Human IL-6 calcein-AM Human recombinant TNFα anti-human CD106 (VCAM-1) PE GLPG0974 anti-GPR43 antibody HDAC activity assay kit EGM-2 Bulletkit

Anti antibody Assay Calcein Cytotoxicity Dyes Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay Escherichia coli Glpg0974 Human Hydroxybutyrate Lactate dehydrogenase Propionate Sodium Sodium acetate Sodium butyrate Tnfα Trichostatin a Vcam 1

Corresponding Organization : Utrecht University

Other organizations : Nutricia Research (Netherlands)

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Variable analysis

independent variables

Sodium butyrate
Propionate
Trichostatin A (TSA, a selective and reversible hydroxamate inhibitor of class I and II HDACs)
Sodium β-hydroxybutyrate (SHB, antagonist for GPR41 receptor)
LPS (Escherichia coli 0111:B4)
GLPG0974 (GLPG, antagonist of GPR43 receptor)

dependent variables

Cytotoxicity (measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay)
Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 (measured by ELISA)
Cell viability (measured by calcein-AM assay)
Expression of VCAM-1 (measured by anti-human CD106 (VCAM-1) PE)

control variables

Sodium acetate
Human recombinant TNFα

positive controls

Human recombinant TNFα

negative controls

Sodium acetate

Annotations

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