ICP was measured in anesthetized (100 mg/kg ketamine/5 mg/kg xylazine) animals [27 (link)]. The electrode was attached to a Grass Instruments S48 stimulator. The stimulation parameters were 16Hz at 1V and 4V with monophasic, square-wave duration of 5ms. The duration of electrical stimulation of CN was 1 min. Response parameters were recorded using data acquisition (DI-190, Dataq Instruments, Akron, OH, USA), and results were analyzed using Matlab software (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA). Maximum ICP (maximum pressure that is reached during CN electrical stimulation) and total ICP (ICP area under the curve, indicating the ICP response for the duration of CN electrical stimulation) were expressed per mean arterial pressures (MAP) as a difference from baseline.