We analyzed data from the ARDS Network Fluid and Catheter Treatment trial. This trial excluded patients in whom renal replacement therapy (for either acute or end stage renal disease) had been initiated or planned for at the time of screening (1 (link), 2 (link)). The clinical data have been described previously and included chronic health conditions, laboratory data, ventilator parameters, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and vasopressor use. Vasopressor use was defined as the use of dopamine at 6 mcg/kg/min or higher, or the use of other vasopressors including norepinephrine, vasopressin or epinephrine at any dose.