Mice were maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions and experimental protocols approved by the University of Cincinnati IACUC. For prostate cell injections, 1.0×106 cells were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of 6–8 week old male FVB mice as described19 (link),20 (link). Tumor growth was measured via calipers and volume was determined by the formula 0.5×Length×Width2 21 (link). Surgical castration was performed as described when tumors reached 1000mm319 (link),20 (link). For in vivo kinase inhibitor studies, mice were treated with 50mg/kg/day BMS-777607 (Selleck Chemicals) or methylcellulose (vehicle) via oral gavage. Mice treated with clodrosome (Encapsula Nanosciences CLD8909) for macrophage depletion were injected with 200 μl intraperitoneally every 3 days. Hi-Myc mice (FVB-Tg(ARR2/Pbsn-MYC)7Key/Nci, Strain # 01XK8) were obtained through the mouse repository at the National Cancer Institute and crossed with ARR2Pb-RON strain B mice which were described previously12 (link),22 (link). Mice were euthanized and tissues were collected for analysis at 30 weeks of age.