Astragalus roots were purchased from Tianjin Tongrentang Group Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Bax, β-actin, Bcl-2, and Cyt c antibodies were purchased from ImmunoWay Biotechnology Company (Plano, TX, USA). Apoptosis index-related detection kits for cell experiments were all provided by Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were provided by the Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade.
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