Total community DNA (TC-DNA) was extracted from the microbial pellets using the FastDNA SPIN Kit (MP Biomedicals, Heidelberg, Germany) as described by the manufacturer after a harsh lysis step with the FastPrep-24 Instrument (MP Biomedicals, Heidelberg, Germany). The TC-DNA was purified with GENECLEAN SPIN Kit (MP Biomedicals, Heidelberg, Germany) according to the manufacturer. The purified TC-DNA was diluted 1∶10 with 10 mM Tris HCl before use.
For amplification of 16S rRNA gene fragments, PCR reactions were performed with TC-DNA obtained from rhizosphere samples with the primers F984-GC and R1378 as described by Heuer [41] (link) using Taq DNA polymerase (Stoffel fragment, ABI, Darmstadt, Germany). The PCR products were analyzed by DGGE approach as described by Weinert et al. [42] (link).
Bacterial fingerprints were evaluated with GELCOMPAR II version 6.5 (Applied Maths, Sint-Martens-Latern, Belgium) as described by Schreiter et al. [37] (link). The obtained Pearson similarity matrices were used for construction of a dendrogram by an Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) as well as of statistical analysis by the permutation test, calculating the d-value from the average overall correlation coefficients within the groups minus the average overall correlation coefficients between samples from treatments compared as suggested by Kropf et al. [43] .
For amplification of 16S rRNA gene fragments, PCR reactions were performed with TC-DNA obtained from rhizosphere samples with the primers F984-GC and R1378 as described by Heuer [41] (link) using Taq DNA polymerase (Stoffel fragment, ABI, Darmstadt, Germany). The PCR products were analyzed by DGGE approach as described by Weinert et al. [42] (link).
Bacterial fingerprints were evaluated with GELCOMPAR II version 6.5 (Applied Maths, Sint-Martens-Latern, Belgium) as described by Schreiter et al. [37] (link). The obtained Pearson similarity matrices were used for construction of a dendrogram by an Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) as well as of statistical analysis by the permutation test, calculating the d-value from the average overall correlation coefficients within the groups minus the average overall correlation coefficients between samples from treatments compared as suggested by Kropf et al. [43] .
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