ECG data were cut into the whole sleep time and 15 min segments and exported in EDF+ format using the BrainVision Analyzer software (2.2; Brain Products, Gilching, Germany). Data were further analyzed using Kubios HRV Premium 3.2.0 (Kubios Oy, Kuopio, Finnland). The software includes an automatic artifact correction based on successive RR peak intervals. Data were analyzed in the time and frequency domain and the following variables were included in our analysis: mean heart rate (as an index for physiological arousal (Kogler et al. 2015 (link))) and the activity of the parasympathetic (PNS-index, based on mean RR peak intervals) as well as sympathetic nervous system (SNS-index, based on mean heart rate) to assess physiological stress.