Myocardial infarction (MI) of C57Bl/6 mice at age of 8 weeks was induced as previously described17 (link). Briefly, general anesthesia was performed with 1-2% isoflurane and maintained on a ventilator. The heart was exposed to a left open thoracotomy, and the left anterior descending branch (LAD) was ligated with a 6-0 polyester thread 1 mm from the normal position of the left pinna tip. The surgical wound was sutured, and animals were allowed to recover. For the fumarate supplementation, the sodium fumarate dibasic (Sigma-Aldrich, F1506) was admitted to Sham and MI group at the dose of 2 g/L through drinking water 1 day prior to the surgery and lasted 7 days after the surgery.
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