Heart tissues from each mouse were fixed in 10% formalin, paraffin-embedded, and sectioned in 7 μm sections for hematoxylin-eosin staining following standard protocols, as previously described [50 (link)]. After scanning the slides with GTX450 (Leica biosystems) and conducting the initial histologic evaluation, histochemistry with Masson’s trichrome was performed (Ventana system; Roche). Histochemistry was performed following the manufacturer’s instructions. Fibrosis area was determined using ImageJ version 1.54. An expert pathologist performed the histopathological analyses of the heart valves following a blinded protocol.
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