After contact inhibition or treatment of HepG2 cells with vitamin C, cells were resuspended in 1 mL PBS at approximately 1 × 106 cells/ml. TMRM was added to a final concentration of 20 nM and incubated for 30 mins at 37 °C, 5% CO2. For CCCP control samples, CCCP was added to a final concentration of 50 nM to the cells, incubated for 5 mins at 37 °C, 5% CO2 and then treated with 20 nM TMRM reagent for 30 mins. Cells were analyzed on a BD Symphony flow cytometer with 561 nm excitation.