Western blotting assay was carried out as described45 (link),46 (link). Briefly, tissue or cell lysates were prepared in Laemmli Sample Buffer. Equal amounts of total proteins were subjected SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes, which were blocked and incubated overnight with the primary antibodies against Akt (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), p-Akt (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Col1a (Abcam), fibronectin (Abcam), α-Sma (Abcam), or Gapdh (Abcam). After being washed, the membranes were incubated with respective secondary antibodies conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Immune-reactive signals were visualized by the Enhanced Chemiluminescence (ECL) kit (Millipore, America) on Syngene PXi6 Access imaging system (Frederick, MD). The band intensities were quantified using Image Pro Plus 6.0.
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