Chemotherapy exposure was at sublethal concentrations for all experiments. Etoposide (VP16) and melphalan were prepared as previously described [2 (link)], and 5-FU (Selleck Chemicals, Boston, MA, USA) was diluted to 10 pg/mL in DMSO prior to use. GolgiStop (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) was used following manufacturer’s guidelines. Pifithrin-α, nutlin-3, and RU-486 (Selleck Chemicals, Boston, MA, USA) were diluted in DMSO, and recombinant
Wnt3a (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was dissolved in phosphate buffered saline prior to use.