DHME-induced apoptosis was quantitatively evaluated by flow cytometry analysis to identify the levels of annexin V-stained (apoptotic) cells on the Muse Cell Analyzer, using Muse annexin V and a Dead Cell Assay Kit (Millipore; Burlington, MA, USA), in accordance with the procedures reported previously [35 (link)]. To elucidate the significance of apoptosis induction to DHME-induced cytotoxicity, CRC cells were pre-treated for 1 h with 50 μM of z-VAD-fmk to block apoptosis, followed by 24 h incubation with DHME for subsequent apoptosis analysis.
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