In total, 35 unrelated patients were recruited from Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, all patients came for consultation because of disorder of sex development (DSD) (Table S1). In family 1, the proband (patient 1) manifested as small penis, cryptorchidism, and testicular dysplasia. In family 2, the proband (patient 2) phenotyped as small penis and testicular dysplasia. In family 3, the proband (patient 3) and his nephew showed cryptorchidism, left renal agenesis, and olfactory disorder. In family 4, the proband (patient 4) manifested as small penis, olfactory disorder, testicular dysplasia and polydactylism. In family 5, the proband (patient 5) phenotyped as cryptorchidism and testicular dysplasia.
Free full text: Click here