Phagocytosis assay was performed as described previously [32 (link)]. Briefly, target C2C12 cell necrosis was induced by heating the cells for 10 minutes at 65 °C. C2C12 cells were stained with 1 µM CellTracker Deep Red Dye (ThermoFisher, Waltham, USA) and added to MΦs at 5:1 ratio (dead cell/MΦ). After 1-h co-culture, target cells were washed away extensively and MΦs were detached by EDTA. MΦs were labeled with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-F4/80 antibody (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA) for 20 min and the percentage of engulfing cells was determined on a Becton Dickinson FACSCalibur flow cytometer.
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