Chemical quantification was monitored with a Waters 2690 HPLC system equipped with a ternary gradient pump, programmable variable-wavelength UV detector, column oven, electric sample valve, and C18 reversed-phase column (Phenomenex Lunar 5 μm C18 250 × 4.6 mm) with array detection from 190 to 400 nm (total scan) based on retention time and peak area of the pure standard. The samples were determined using a mobile phase of 70:30 acetonitrile/water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min−1. The injection volume was 10 μL (Chen et al., 2015 (link)).
The metabolites of permethrin were analyzed and identified with an Agilent 6890N/5975 GC-MS system equipped with an autosampler and OnColumn, split/splitless capillary injection system, with an HP-5MS capillary column (30.0 m × 250 μm × 0.25 μm) with array detection from 30 to 500 nm (total scan). The operating conditions were following the method of our previous study (Chen et al., 2014 (link)). The ionization energy was 70 eV, and the temperatures of the transfer line and the ion trap were 280 and 230°C, respectively. The injection volume was 1.0 μL with splitless sampling at 250°C. High purity helium gas was used as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min−1.
The metabolites of permethrin were analyzed and identified with an Agilent 6890N/5975 GC-MS system equipped with an autosampler and OnColumn, split/splitless capillary injection system, with an HP-5MS capillary column (30.0 m × 250 μm × 0.25 μm) with array detection from 30 to 500 nm (total scan). The operating conditions were following the method of our previous study (Chen et al., 2014 (link)). The ionization energy was 70 eV, and the temperatures of the transfer line and the ion trap were 280 and 230°C, respectively. The injection volume was 1.0 μL with splitless sampling at 250°C. High purity helium gas was used as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min−1.
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