Elevated Endothelin-1 Levels in HIVAN Patients

Example 2

As shown in FIG. 1, ET-1 in HIVAN patients was significantly elevated (4.66±0.20 pg/ml) compared to African American HIV positive (2.66±0.13 pg/ml), Caucasian HIV positive patients (1.76±0.09 pg/ml) and healthy African American (0.3±0.08 pg/ml) and Caucasian (0.44±0.12) controls (P<0.001 for all groups). All HIV positive patients had higher concentrations of ET-1 when compared to controls without HIV infection in the following order: HIVAN (n=65)>African American HIV⁺ patients (n=63) (P=<0.001)>Caucasian HIV⁺ patients (n=59) (P<0.001)>healthy African American (n=77) and Caucasian (n=58) controls (P<0.001). Brackets denote significant differences between groups.