From each specimen, at least three primarily identified E. coli isolates were sequenced. The E. coli strains were selected based on their different Microbact 24E and morphological profiles. DNA was extracted using the Wizard genomic extraction kit (Promega) per the manufacturer’s protocol, and then they were library prepared with the NEBNext Ultra II FS DNA library kit and whole genome sequenced on the Illumina platform at the Wellcome Sanger Institute. Raw read quality control was carried out using FastQC (Babraham Bioinformatics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom), and quality reports were aggregated using MultiQC.34 (link) Reads were assembled using the SPAdes assembler, and assembly quality was determined using the Quality Assessment Tool for Genome Assemblies (QUAST)35 (link) and CheckM.36 (link) Reads were also assigned taxonomic identities using Kraken, and Bracken was used to determine species abundance of the taxonomic identities assigned by Kraken.37 (link),38 The virulence genes were identified using the ARIBA VirulenceFinder database.39 (link) Isolate genomes were deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) under project ID PRJEB8667 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB8667).
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