ADH4 protein expression of the resected tissues was examined using western blotting. The tissues were first treated using a lysis solution (RIPA, Radio-Immunoprecipitation Assay buffer; Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), which contained 1% (v/v) protease inhibitors (cat. no. P8340; Merck KGaA) to extract protein samples. The protein concentration was measured and normalized using Protein Quantification kit (BCA Assay; Beyotime, China). Western blot analysis was then performed as previously described (18 (link)). The membranes were blocked in Tris-Buffer Saline Tween 20 (1×TBST) containing 5% non-fat milk at room temperature for 45 min. Then, membranes would be incubated with anti-ADH4 primary antibody (cat. no. Ab137077; 1:1,000 dilution; Abcam) overnight at 4°C and HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (cat. no. Ab6721; 1:1,000 dilution; Abcam) for 1 h at room temperature. Enhanced chemiluminescence reagent (SuperSignal™ West Atto Ultimate Sensitivity Substrate; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) was used for immunodetection. The level of actin protein expression was measured as an internal standard (anti-β actin antibody; cat. no. Ab8227; 1:1,000 dilution; Abcam). The density of protein band was quantitatively measured using Image J software (v1.52a, USA).