Immunohistochemistry was performed on pretreatment tissue specimens to assess PD-L1 expression using the Dako 22C3 antibody (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The TPS was used to measure results, as previously described (21 (link)) with cut points of < 1%, ≥ 1% to 49%, and ≥ 50%. Insufficient tissue and unknown PD-L1 status were included in the < 1% cut point category.