Consecutive patients in a fast-track program for the investigation of renal tumors were prospectively recruited from the hospital’s urology outpatient clinic. Patients were eligible if all of the following criteria were met:

- Presentation of suspected renal tumor either found by computed CT or ultrasound, and

- Age ≥18 years, and

- Normal kidney function defined as estimated glomerulus filtration ratio ≥60 mL/min/1,73 m2, and

- Informed consent understood and provided.

Exclusion criteria were: Pregnancy, graft kidney, contrast allergy, patients with non-MRI-compatible components, or the inability to meet a patient’s fast-track guarantee for diagnosing renal tumors within a stated time frame.
Included patients were offered an additional MRI examination with the experimental sequences on the same day of the biopsy but before the invasive procedure. [Figure 1] presents the flowchart of patients included in the study. Histopathological diagnosis, obtained either from a subsequent percutaneous biopsy or surgical radical or partial nephrectomy, served as the gold standard.