C57BL/6 mice (20 ± 2 g, 6-8 weeks old) were purchased from Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University (Nanjing, China). Animal care was performed in accordance with guidelines of the Zhejiang Ethics Committee and received prior approval from the Animal Care and Use Committee in Zhejiang A & F University. Mice were kept at a constant temperature of 26 ± 2 °C with 12 h light–dark cycles and provided with ad libitum feed intake and water. The mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n= 6): two of them, designed as control and LPS groups, received PBS. The others, named as LGG + LPS and ZJ617 + LPS respectively, orally inoculated with LGG or ZJ617 suspended in sterile PBS at the concentration of 1×108 CFU/ml daily prepared respectively. At 7 days after starting the oral administration of the strain, LPS stimulation was conducted in mouse from LPS, LGG + LPS and ZJ617 + LPS groups with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 10mg/kg LPS respectively. The control groups received an i.p. injection of sterile PBS. The used does of LPS did not induce mice death in the following 24 h determined by our previous study [19 (link)]. Blood samples and ileum tissues (5 cm proximal from the ileal-cecal junction) were collected 24 h after the LPS challenge.
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