Cardiovascular Dysregulation in POTS and IST

All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (IBM Corp. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0, Armonk, NY, USA). For descriptive statistics, data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The study population was divided into two diagnosis groups (POTS, n = 59 and IST, n = 33). These diagnosis groups were subdivided according to COVID-19/vaccination-related patients, patients prior to the pandemic, and one healthy control group that was published and measured prior to the pandemic. An unpaired t-test was used to compare the differences between each patient group (Table 1). Significant group differences were anticipated if the p-value was <0.05. For the analysis of the impact of low-dose propranolol, ivabradine, and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, we used a paired t-test at baseline in comparison to an active standing test after the introduction of these therapies (Table 2).