These were as reported previously30 (link). At sacrifice, the upper portion of the heart and proximal aorta was obtained, embedded in OCT compound, and stored at −70 °C. Serial 10 μm thick cryosections of the aorta, beginning at the aortic root, were collected on poly-D-lysine–coated slides. These sections were stained with Oil Red O and hematoxylin. The images were taken using a Nikon Eclips microscope. Ten sections at 120 μM intervals were counted from each mouse. ImagePro premier software (Media Cybernetics, MD, USA) was used to count the lesion area. This study adhered to the guidelines for experimental atherosclerosis studies as described in the American Heart Association Statement. Circulating leukocyte levels were examined using a HemaTrue analyzer.