Patients were excluded from the study if: (a) aged below 3 months or above 24 months; (b) duration of symptoms was 14 days and more; (c) wheezing illness documented; (d) confirmed to have comorbidities related to cardiac diseases, central nervous system diseases, birth defects affecting upper and lower respiratory tract systems such as cleft lip and craniofacial abnormalities, gastroesophageal reflux, or aspiration pneumonitis; (e) premature infants (gestational age <37 completed weeks); and (f) the pneumonia was not confirmed radiologically.
Protocol detail
Pediatric Pneumonia Exclusion Criteria
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Aspiration pneumonitis
Birth defects
Cardiac diseases
Central nervous system diseases
Cleft lip
Craniofacial abnormalities
Gastroesophageal reflux
Gestational age
Patients
Pneumonia
Premature infants
Respiratory systems
Corresponding Organization : University of Ibadan
Other organizations : Gombe State University, National Hospital Abuja, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University
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Variable analysis
independent variables
- Not explicitly mentioned
- Not explicitly mentioned
- Age: 3 months to 24 months
- Duration of symptoms: less than 14 days
- No wheezing illness documented
- No comorbidities related to cardiac diseases, central nervous system diseases, birth defects affecting upper and lower respiratory tract systems such as cleft lip and craniofacial abnormalities, gastroesophageal reflux, or aspiration pneumonitis
- No premature infants (gestational age <37 completed weeks)
- Pneumonia confirmed radiologically
- Negative control: Patients aged below 3 months or above 24 months
- Negative control: Patients with duration of symptoms 14 days and more
- Negative control: Patients with wheezing illness documented
- Negative control: Patients with comorbidities related to cardiac diseases, central nervous system diseases, birth defects affecting upper and lower respiratory tract systems such as cleft lip and craniofacial abnormalities, gastroesophageal reflux, or aspiration pneumonitis
- Negative control: Premature infants (gestational age <37 completed weeks)
- Negative control: Patients without radiologically confirmed pneumonia
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