CAC and CP in the carotid arteries and abdominal aorto-iliac bed were determined using 4 or 16 channel multidetector CT (LightSpeed Qxi and 16 Pro, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA). Techniques for AA-DHS coronary, carotid and aorta scans have been described in detail (Supplementary Methods).[37 (link);38 ;41 (link)]