fabrics dyed with anthraquinone dye (AISE-30)
were purchased from Testfabrics, Inc. (West Pittston, PA, USA). Nitric
acid (HNO3, 70%), toluidine blue O (TBO), zirconium(IV)
chloride anhydrous (ZrCl4), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), hydrochloric acid (HCl), terephthalic
acid (TA), ethanol, and acetic acid were purchased from Daejung Chemicals
(Gyeonggi-do, Korea). N-Ethylmorpholine (NEM) (97%), p-nitrophenoxide (≥98%), and dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl
phosphate (DMNP, ≥ 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St.
Louis, MO).