Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization was performed in all patients. After introduction of a 5F-RH catheter (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) through the femoral artery, hepatic artery angiography was performed and the location, number, size, and blood supply of tumors evaluated. Next, a 2.7F micro-catheter (Terumo) was super-selectively inserted into the arteries feeding the tumors and lobaplatin (50 mg) was infused, followed by slow injection of an emulsion of epirubicin (30 mg) mixed with Lipiodol (5–15 mL). Gelatin sponge particles (150–350 µm; Alicon, Hangzhou, China) were injected until the flow was static and full saturation of the feeding arteries had been achieved (16 (link)). Liver and kidney function were evaluated 10 days after TACE prior to administering MWA to patients receiving combined therapy.