To measure reactive and proactive cyber-aggression, we used the two subscales of the Chinese version of CATQ (Liu et al., 2021 ; Runions et al., 2017 (link)): the 9-items cyber-rage aggression subscale (e.g., “If someone tries to hurt me, I will use an information and communications technology devices such as mobile phones and computers to immediately get back at them.”) and 6-items cyber-reward subscale (e.g., “Sometimes I’m mean to people online to get what I want.”). According to Runions et al. (2017 (link)), the constructions of cyber-rage and cyber-reward aggression are thought to map onto the conceptualization of reactive and proactive cyber-aggression, respectively. Participants responded to these items on a 4-point Likert scale of 1 (not at all true of me) to 4 (very true of me). This measure was administered at each assessment point and showed good internal consistency in the present study (total scale: α’s = 0.89–0.92; proactive cyber-aggression subscale: α’s = 0.74–0.86; reactive cyber-aggression subscale: α’s = 0.90–0.91).