Cell lysates were created and Western blotting conducted as described (24 (link)), blocking without detergent. Membranes were probed with antibodies for MAF (Imgenex), SOX9 (Santa Cruz), S100β (Dako), MBP (Chemicon), BLBP (Millipore), DEPTOR (Novus), cleaved-caspase 3, pS6, S6, p4E-BP1, 4E-BP1, p473AKT, AKT, and β-ACTIN (Cell Signaling) as a loading control. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (BioRad) were used with ECL Plus developing system (Amersham Biosciences).