Intestinal permeability was evaluated by determining the amount of FITC‐dextran and D‐lactate in the blood, as previously reported [31 (link), 32 (link)]. Briefly, mice were gavaged with FITC‐dextran (0.4 mg/g body weight) and then euthanized 4 h later. The serum FITC‐dextran concentration was measured using a fluorescent microplate reader with an excitation wavelength of 485 nm and emission wavelength of 535 nm (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). The serum D‐lactate concentration was detected using a D‐Lactate Colorimetric Assay Kit (cat. no. GMS70095.3, Shanghai Genmed Ltd., Shanghai, China) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The concentration of D‐lactate was calculated using the slope and intercept created from a standard curve.