Samples of the distal colons were fixed immediately in 10% formaldehyde, embedded in liquid paraffin, cut into transverse sections of 5 μm thick using a Leica RM 2125 Microtome (Leica Biosystems, Wetzlar, Germany), and then mounted on glass slides and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Microscopic changes such as necrosis, fibrosis, hyperemia, epithelial damage, ulceration, infiltration, and submucosal abscesses were scored on a 0–4 scale where 0 denotes no detectable damage and 4 denotes most severe damage [40 (link)]. Microscopy images for each group obtained with a magnification of 50X.
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