L-Ser, L-His, indoline, CsCl, NaCl, and NH4Cl were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Indoline was purified as previously described (17 (link)). N-(4-trifluoromethyoxylbenzenesulfonyl)-2-amino-1-ethylphosphate (F9) was synthesized as described (22 (link)). 5,5'-Dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) was purchased from Calbiochem. All solutions were prepared at 25 ± 2° C and maintained at pH 7.8 in 50 mM triethanolamine (TEA) buffer and (except for H+) maintained MVC-free. F9 was prepared free of monovalent metal ions by exchange of Na+ with cyclohexylammonium chloride. Salmonella tryphimurium α2β2 tryptophan synthase was purified as previously described (28 (link)).