Processing solvents such as acetone, chloroform, and 2-propanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. P3HT (regioregular, average Mn: 54,000 to 75,000), For photo-patternable ion gel, poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate monomer and 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide ionic liquid was purchased from TCI Chemicals. The azide cross-linker 2Bx was synthesized and confirmed by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as previously reported (42 (link), 46 (link)–48 (link)). The electrical properties of the vertical synaptic device and logic gates were measured using a Keithley 4200 electrometer.