CMT167 cells were stably transfected with firefly luciferase, as previously described (24 (link)). Luciferase-expressing LLC cells were purchased from Caliper Life Sciences (LL/2-luc-M38). The CMT167 cells harbor a KrasG12V mutation, and the LLC cells harbor a KrasG12C mutation (24 (link)). Both cell lines were maintained in DMEM with 4.5 g/l glucose (no. 10–017-CV; Corning) containing 10% FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, and 500 μg/ml G418 at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. Cells were periodically tested for mycoplasma infection, maintained as frozen stocks, and cultured for only 2–4 wk before use in experiments. Authentication of cell lines based on morphology, growth curve analysis, and metastatic phenotype was performed regularly. Human NSCLC cell lines were maintained in RPMI 1640 (no. 10–040-CV; Corning) containing 10% FBS at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. All were KRAS mutant.