Serum anti-HCV was assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay diagnostic kit (Zhuhai Livzon Diagnostics Inc., China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Quantitation of plasma HCV RNA was assessed in a 7500 real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system (Applied Biosystems Inc., USA) using a HCV RNA quantitative fluorescence diagnostic kit (Sansure biotech Inc. Ltd, China), and the lower detection limit was 25 IU/ml.
A multiplex one-step real-time fluorescent RT-PCR assay based on the analysis of the conserved sequence of the HCV genome was carried out in an SLAN-96P real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument (Hongshi Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) using a hepatitis C virus genotype diagnostic kit (PCR-fluorescence probing) (Sansure biotech Inc. Ltd, Hunan, China). This protocol could discern HCV genotypes 1–6 and determine subtype 1b [15 (link), 16 (link)]. It could detect mixed HCV infections of multiple genotypes on the basis of fluorescent signals.