Total protein extracts were generated and individual proteins was detected by Western blot as previously reported [32 (link),33 (link)]. The primary antibodies used in this study are list below: BAX (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA; 1:3000), CASPASE-3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; 1:3000), CASPASE-9 (Cell Signaling; 1:3000) and GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; 1:3000). The following secondary antibodies were also used: anti-mouse IgG-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and anti-rabbit IgG-HRP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology; 1:5000). The expression of individual proteins was visualized using Luminata Forte Western HRP substrate (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
Xenograft tumor sections or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded CSCC sections were detected using BAX antibody (Cell Signaling; 1:100). The rersults of IHC sections were imaged using a ZEISS Vert.A1 microscope (Carl Zeiss Jena, Oberkochen, Germany), and 20 representative images for each group were collected for statistical analysis.
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