Images of organoid cultures were captured using a Keyence BZ-X800 microscope with BZ-X800 Viewer software, v01.02.03.02 or an EVOS FL Auto System (ThermoFisher). Size and morphology of organoids was analyzed using OrganoSeg software52 (link) and phase contrast images. Measurements were performed on digital images by blinded investigators using ImageJ software. For histological analyses, organoids were recovered from the culture plates and treated with Histogel (ThermoFisher) prior to formalin fixation and paraffin embedding, following standard protocols. Slides were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and with Alcian Blue to visualize mucus production. TEM was performed as previously described for human organoids87 (link). Briefly, organoids were fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde, processed for ultrathin sectioning, and then were imaged on a Zeiss LEO 912AB TEM.
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