Plasmid Transformation in E. coli

All the chemicals, reagents, bacterial growth media such as H₂O₂ and NaOCl solution, LB medium, M9 medium, chloramphenicol, β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) were purchased from VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA). The ASKA library and Keio collection were originally from the Coli Genetic Stock Center at Yale University. The no-insert control of pCA24N was from our previous study [23 (link)]. The plasmids with candidate genes were purified from candidate strains individually by Qiagen Miniprep plasmid purification kits (Hilden, Germany) and transformed into MG1655 cells by Bio-Rad Pulser™ Transformation Apparatus (Hercules, CA, USA).