Human colorectal cancer tissues were obtained from US Biomax. The staining procedure for paraffin‐embedded mouse and human tissues were as previously described (Mu et al, 2018 (link)). Tissue staining was semi‐quantitatively scored on a 0–9 scale by multiplying the score for the proportion of positively stained tumor cells (0, < 10%; 1, 10–25%; 2, 26–50%; 3, > 50%) by the staining intensity score (0–3) as previously defined (Wang et al, 2021 (link)). For the comparison of low/high PCIF1 expression and patient survival, overall survival was defined as the time between date of diagnosis and death. Primary antibodies used in IHC include anti‐PCIF1 (Invitrogen, PA5‐61996), anti‐FOS (Abcam, ab222699), anti‐Ki‐67 (Cell Signaling Technology, 12202T), anti‐Ly‐6G/Ly6C (Invitrogen, 14‐5931‐81), and anti‐NK1.1 (Invitrogen, MA1‐70100).